![]() Leading Blog: A Leadership Blog: Leadership Development Archives. To be successful in the world we’re entering, we will need a new set of mental models. While these new models should not exclude the possibility of commanding and controlling, they need to encompass a much wider range of possibilities.—Thomas Malone, The Future of Work. The challenge facing any leader is turning individual action into collective power. In short, getting people to act as one. As One by Mehrdad Baghai and James Quigley, is the result of a two year research project conducted by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, to understand this common leadership challenge and to answer the question, “What leads to effective collaborations in a wide range of fields?” Not just working together, but working as one. The authors note that collaboration . Thus we find successful leadership comes in many different shapes and sizes. Arranged around two axes: a vertical axis that describes how power is exercised in an organization from emergent to directive and a horizontal axis that conveys the nature of individual’s tasks and outlines how work is organized from highly scripted and uniform to highly creative. The analysis is very balanced. It is enlightening to identify your type of organization and the related leadership approach. The book presents case studies of each type, an explanation of the key characteristics, and a discussion of what you can do to be better at that type. Through research, data collection, and analysis, this center will help define and increase knowledge in the exciting and dynamic field of collective leadership. If you are wondering what your model is, they have created an online As One Classifier tool to figure out which archetype is closest to your current situation. Landlords decide how to generate the most value for themselves and dictate the terms of participation for the tenants. Tenants voluntarily decide to join landlords, and it’s usually in their best interests to do so. However, once they do, landlords define the rules of participation. Landlords maintain their power by ensuring the best tenants are rewarded, so that, over time, as the number of tenants grows, the landlords’ power increases. Community Organizers ignite volunteers’ interest through compelling storytelling and opportunities for volunteers to join in. They may have little direct power over the volunteers, but they can tap into volunteers’ interests by gaining their trust, promoting a strong brand, and understanding their motivations. Volunteers themselves are drawn together by a rallying cry, or out of a sense of enlightened self- interest; they gain their power through a strength- in- numbers approach. ![]() The orchestra members, who have similar backgrounds, need to be fully trained to comply with the requirements of the job, and, therefore, must be carefully selected to ensure they fit the strict culture. Belonging to the orchestra provides members with the best way to make a living while focusing on tasks at which they excel. This pairing is led by legendary, charismatic producers who bring together a team of highly inventive and skilled independent individuals to achieve the producers’ objective. Producers guide the vision and overall progress, while the creative team develops ideas through frequent meetings and interactions using an open culture of collaboration. Dissent is used to push creative boundaries. To maintain longevity in their industry, producers and creative teams need to continuously produce new and innovative ideas. Soldiers’ activities focus on clearly defined and scripted tasks. They are motivated by advancing up the hierarchy through well- defined roles at all levels. Soldiers undergo extensive training to understand the army and its culture, and to learn specific skills. They are committed to the mission, the overall institution, and each other, while the general provides strong top- down authoritarian direction to motivate and direct them. Their visions are so innovative and ambitious that they can’t be achieved simply by using conventional means, so builders often need to reinvent and rethink ways to achieve them. Builders strive to meet ambitious deadlines and milestones mapped to deliberate workcycles.
![]() ![]() ![]() As each milestone is completed, the builders become one step closer to bringing the architect’s dream to reality. The Architect & Builders hero story is based on the development of the world’s cheapest car, the Tata Nano. Members of the sports team have a strong shared identity. They have extensive and networked communication channels, and carry out the same highly scripted, repeatable tasks. There is strong camaraderie and trust among the sports team – the collective good outweighs the needs of the individual – while captains are there, on the field as part of the team, to motivate and encourage. Sovereignty is held by both senators and citizens, and the citizens thrive on the values of democracy, freedom of expression, and autonomy. Since citizens are autonomous, the community structure is flexible. ![]() ![]() There is no set framework or direction organizing the citizens. Instead, much of their direction is emergent as they gather ideas and collaborate with other citizens. Senators are the guiding intelligence for the citizens and oversee decision making for the community. Putting As One into practice consists of three steps: First, a diagnostic to assess the who and to do what and then determine the how or what archetype is being used. Second, determine the type of intervention to strengthen the archetype being used or to create a new approach and third to adopt the approach across the organization and applying different archetypes in different situations even in the same organization. It also helps to dispel the myth that top- down leadership is synonymous with command and control. Cleanzine: your weekly cleaning and hygiene industry newsletter 30th March 2017 Issue no. Your industry news - first Number 1 for Recruitment. Express Helpline- Get answer of your question fast from real experts. Subscribe and SAVE, give a gift subscription or get help with an existing subscription by clicking the links below each cover image. Technology and Science News - ABC News. My experience with exogenous ketones - Last year I wrote a couple of posts on the nuances and complexities of ketosis, with an emphasis on nutritional ketosis (but some discussion of other states of ketosis—starvation ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA). To understand this post, you’ll want to at least be familiar with the ideas in those posts, which can be found here and here. In the second of these posts I discuss the Delta G implications of the body using ketones (specifically, beta- hydroxybutyrate, or BHB, and acetoacetate, or Ac. Ac) for ATP generation, instead of glucose and free fatty acid (FFA). At the time I wrote that post I was particularly (read: personally) interested in the Delta G arbitrage. Stated simply, per unit of carbon, utilization of BHB offers more ATP for the same amount of oxygen consumption (as corollary, generation of the same amount of ATP requires less oxygen consumption, when compared to glucose or FFA). I also concluded that post by discussing the possibility of testing this (theoretical) idea in a real person, with the help of exogenous (i. I have seen this effect in (unpublished) data in world class athletes not on a ketogenic diet who have supplemented with exogenous ketones (more on that, below). Case after case showed a small, but significant increase in sub- threshold performance (as an example, efforts longer than about 4 minutes all- out). So I decided to find out for myself if ketones could, indeed, offer up the same amount of usable energy with less oxygen consumption. Some housekeeping issues before getting into it. This is a self- experiment, not real “data”—“N of 1” stuff is suggestive, but it prevents the use of nifty little things likes error bars and p- values. Please don’t over interpret these results. My reason for sharing this is to spark a discussion and hope that a more systematic and rigorous approach can be undertaken. All of the data I’ll present below were from an experiment I did with the help of Dominic D’Agostino and Pat Jak (who did the indirect calorimetry) in the summer of 2. Others have been at it longer, but none have the vast experiences with all possible modalities (i. BHB versus Ac. Ac) and the concurrent understanding of how nutritional ketosis works. If people call me keto- man (some do, as silly as it sounds), they should call Dom keto- king. I have tried the following preparations of exogenous ketones: BHB monoester, Ac. Ac di- ester, BHB mineral salt (BHB combined with Na+, K+, and Ca. I have consumed these at different concentrations and in combination with different mixing agents, including MCT oil, pure caprylic acid (C8), branch- chained amino acids, and lemon juice (to lower the p. H). I won’t go into the details of each, though, for the sake of time. The ketone esters are, hands- down, the worst tasting compounds I have ever put in my body. The world’s worst scotch tastes like spring water compared to these things. The first time I tried 5. L of BHB monoester, I failed to mix it with anything (Dom warned me, but I was too eager to try them to actually read his instructions). It tasted as I imagine jet fuel would taste. I thought I was going to go blind. I didn’t stop gagging for 1. But they are still categorically horrible. The salts are definitely better, but despite experimenting with them for months, I was unable to consistently ingest them without experiencing GI side- effects; often I was fine, but enough times I was not, which left me concluding that I still needed to work out the kinks. From my discussions with others using the BHB salts, it seems I have a particularly sensitive GI system. The hypothesis we sought out to test. A keto- adapted subject (who may already benefit from some Delta G arbitrage) will, under fixed work load, require less oxygen when ingesting exogenous ketones than when not. Posed as a question: At a given rate of mechanical work, would the addition of exogenous ketones reduce a subject’s oxygen consumption? The “experiment”A keto- adapted subject (me) completed two 2. VO2 max on a load generator (Compu. Trainer); such a device allows one to “fix” the work requirement by fixing the power demand to pedal the bike. This fixed load was chosen to be 1. L/min of VO2—minute ventilation of oxygen (this was an aerobic effort at a power output of approximately 6. FTP, which also corresponded to a minute ventilation of approximately 6. VO2 max)Test set #1—done under conditions of mild nutritional ketosis, while still fasted. Test set #2—6. 0 minutes following ingestion of 1. BHB mineral salt to produce instant “artificial ketosis,” which took place immediately following Test set #1. Measurements taken included whole blood glucose and BHB (every 5 minutes); VO2 and VCO2 (every 1. HR (continuous); RQ is calculated as the ratio of VO2 and VCO2. In the video of this post I explain what VO2, VCO2, and RQ tell us about energy expenditure and substrate use—very quickly, RQ typically varies between about 0. RQ is to 0. 7, the more fat is being oxidized; the reverse is true as RQ approaches 1. Results. Test set #1 (control—mild nutritional ketosis)The table below shows the data collected over the first 2. The 2. 0 minute effort was continuous, but for the purpose of presenting the data, I’ve shown the segmental values—end of segment for glucose and BHB; segment average for HR, minute ventilation (in m. L per min), and RQ; and segment total for minute ventilation (in liters). Glucose and BHB went down slightly throughout the effort and RQ fell, implying a high rate of fat oxidation. We can calculate fat oxidation from these data. Energy expenditure (EE), in kcal/min, can be derived from the VO2 and VCO2 data and the Weir equation. For this effort, EE was 1. RQ gives us a good representation of how much of the energy used during the exercise bout was derived from FFA vs. So fat oxidation was approximately 1. It’s worth pointing out that “traditional” sports physiology preaches that fat oxidation peaks in a well- trained athlete at about 1 g/min. Clearly this is context limited (i. RQ). I’ve done several tests on myself to see how high I could push fat oxidation rate. So far my max is about 1. This suggests to me that very elite athletes (which I am not) who are highly fat adapted could approach 2 g/min of fat oxidation. Jeff Volek has done testing on elites and by personal communication he has recorded levels at 1. A very close friend of mine is contemplating a run at the 2. I think it’s likely we’ll be able to get him to 2 g/min of fat oxidation on the correct diet. The graph, below, shows the continuous data for VO2, VCO2 (measured), and RQ (calculated). Test set #2 (ingestion of 1. BHB salt 6. 0 minutes prior)The table below shows the same measurements and calculations as the above table, but under the test conditions. You’ll note that BHB is higher at the start and falls more rapidly, as does glucose (for reasons I’ll explain below). HR data are almost identical to the control test, but VO2 and VCO2 are both lower. RQ, however, is slightly higher, implying that the reduction in oxygen consumption was greater than the reduction in carbon dioxide production. If you do the same calculations as I did above for estimating fat oxidation, you’ll see that EE in this case was approximately 1. So, for this second effort (the test set) my body did about 5% less mechanical work, while oxidizing about 2. The majority of this difference, I assume, is from the utilization of the exogenous BHB, and not glucose (again, I will address below what I think is happening with glucose levels). The graph once again shows the continuous data for VO2, VCO2 (measured), and RQ (calculated). Side- by- side difference. The final graph, below, shows the continuous data for only VO2 side- by- side for the 2. The upper (blue) line represents oxygen consumption under control conditions, while the lower line (red) represents oxygen consumption following the BHB ingestion. In theory, given that the same load was being overcome, and the same amount of mechanical work was being done, these lines should be identical. The hypothesis being tested in this “experiment” is that they would not be the same. Beyond visual inspection, the difference between the lines appears to grow as the test goes on, which is captured in the tabular data showing 5 minute segmental data. Limitations. The most obvious limitation of this endeavor is the fact that it’s not an appropriately controlled experiment. Putting that aside, I want to focus on the nuanced limitations—which don’t impact the primary outcome of oxygen consumption—even if one were appropriately doing a real experiment. It’s not clear that the Weir coefficients used to estimate EE are relevant for someone in ketosis, let alone someone ingesting exogenous BHB. As a result, the estimation of fat and glucose oxidation may be off (though it’s directionally correct). That said, the current interpretation seems quite plausible—greater fat oxidation when I had to make my ketones; less when I got my ketones for “free.”Observations from this “experiment” (and my experience, in general)Animal models (e. BHB produces more ATP per unit carbon and per unit oxygen consumed than glycogen and FFA. This appears to have been the case in my anecdotal exercise. The energy necessary to perform the mechanical work did not appear to change much between tests, though the amount of oxygen utilization and fat oxidation did go down measurably. The latter finding is not surprising since the body was not sitting on an abundant and available source of BHB—there was less need to make BHB “the old fashioned way.”As seen in this exercise, glucose tends to fall quite precipitously following exogenous ketone ingestions. Without exception, every time I ingested these compounds (which I’ve probably done a total of 2. M (just below 6. 0 mg/d. L). Despite this, I never felt symptomatic from hypoglycemia.
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